CAUSE NO. 

THE STATE OF TEXAS

V.

DEFENDANT
§	IN THE _____________COURT
§
§	OF
§
§	______________ COUNTY, TEXAS
DWI MOTION TO SUPPRESS

TO THE HONORABLE JUDGE OF SAID COURT:
	NOW COMES the Defendant, by and through undersigned counsel, and respectfully moves this Honorable Court to hold a hearing on this Motion prior to trial and outside the presence of the jury and thereafter suppress any and all evidence seized or obtained as a result of illegal acts on behalf of the State in this criminal prosecution which violated the Defendant's rights as guaranteed him/her under both the federal and state constitutions and under state statutes.  In support thereof the Defendant would show:
I.
	The requested hearing is required by articles 28.01(6) and 38.22(6), Texas Code of Criminal Procedure.
II.
	A hearing outside the presence of the jury is necessary in order to keep the jury from being prejudiced by inadmissible evidence.  Such prejudice would result in the Defendant being denied his/her right to a fair trial.  U.S. Const. amends. VI and XIV, § 2; Tex. Const. art. 1, §§ 10, 15, and 19; Tex. Code Crim. Proc. arts. 1.04, 1.05, and 1.12.  Jackson v. Denno, 378 U.S. 368 (1964); Reed v. State, 518 S.W.2d 817 (Tex. Crim. App. 1975).

III.
	A hearing is also necessary to adequately protect the Defendant's right to be free from compulsory self-incrimination and to insure that any evidence sought to be admitted is not the fruit of a primary illegality.  U.S. Const. amends. IV, V, and XIV, § 2; Tex. Const. Art. 1, §§ 9, 10, and 19; Tex. Code Crim. Proc. arts. 1.04, 1.05, 1.06, 38.21, and 38.23; Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471 (1963).
IV.
	Counsel for the Defendant will not be able to effectively represent him/her without an opportunity to test the admissibility of evidence which will be offered by the State.
V.
Warrantless Arrest
	Defendant was arrested without a warrant in this case, as is indicated by Defendant's affidavit, attached as "Exhibit A".
VI.
Standing
	Defendant has standing to object to the illegal stop, detention, questioning, search and arrest in this case.  On ____________________, the date of the illegal state action, Defendant was the owner, driver and occupant of the vehicle stopped by officers of the ___________ Police  Department.  He/She was also the person detained, questioned, searched and arrested by officers of the ____________ Police Department.
VII.
	The State has the burden of proving the lawfulness of a warrantless search and seizure, Coolidge v. New Hampshire, 403 U.S. 443 (1971) (overruled on other grounds), and that any alleged statements or acts of the Defendant which were the products of custodial interrogation meet the requisites of Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966) and art. 38.22, Tex. Code Crim. Proc.
VIII.
Illegal Detention, Search and Seizure
	The seizure of the Defendant was made without any reasonable suspicion that he/she was engaged in any criminal activity.  The acquisition of the evidence which will be offered by the State in this cause was not pursuant to a reasonable investigative detention, not pursuant to an arrest warrant, was absent exigent circumstances, and made without probable cause to believe the Defendant was engaged in criminal activity.
IX.
	The acquisition of the evidence which the State will offer in this cause was not pursuant to a search warrant, was absent exigent circumstances, and made without probable cause to believe the Defendant was engaged in criminal activity or that such evidence, if any, was in danger of being destroyed.
X.
	Any statements and acts allegedly made by the Defendant in connection with this detention, search and seizure, and any tangible or other evidence seized or acquired then, or at any later time as a result of said statements or acts, are the products of the illegal detention, arrest and search and are therefore the direct result of illegal police procedures.
XI.
Illegal Custodial Interrogation
	Any statements allegedly attributed to the Defendant were made as a result of illegal custodial interrogation and without proper warning.  Miranda v. Arizona and art. 38.22, Tex. Code Crim. Proc.
XII.
	Any statements or acts allegedly attributed to the Defendant were made as a result of illegal custodial interrogation and made without a knowing, intelligent and affirmative waiver by the Defendant of his/her rights to remain silent and to counsel, Miranda v. Arizona, and were obtained in violation of art. 38.22, Tex. Code Crim. Proc.
XIII.
Denial of Counsel
	The Defendant was not afforded meaningful access to counsel at a time when critical decisions involving his/her constitutional and statutory rights were being made.  United States v. Wade, 388 U.S. 218 (1967).
XIV.
	Any statements and acts allegedly made by the Defendant were improper as they were illicited through illegal police interrogation after the Defendant had requested assistance of counsel.  Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477 (1981).
XV.
	The Defendant, not having waived his/her constitutional or statutory rights, is guaranteed that such unconstitutional and nonstatutory extrajudicial statements, act, admissions or confessions alleged to have been made by him/her, will be suppressed.  Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477 (1981); Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966); Jackson v. Denno, 378 U.S. 368 (1964); Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471 (1963); Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961); and arts. 1.27, 38.22, and 38.23, Texas Code Crim. Proc., and Tex. Transp. Code Ann. §§ 724.011, 724.012, 724.015 and 724.016.

XVI.
No Consent
	The acquisition of the evidence which the State will offer in this cause was made without the Defendant's consent.
XVII.
	The Defendant did not receive his/her requisite statutory warnings with regard to § 724.015 of the Texas Transportation Code, in that he/she was not informed:
	(1)	Orally and in writing, that;
(2)	His/Her refusal to give breath/blood specimen could be admissible against him/her;
(3)	His/Her driver's license would be suspended if he/she refused to give a breath/blood specimen, whether he/she is prosecuted or not; and,
(4)	That he/she had a right to request a hearing within 15 days after notice of the suspension hearing to determine if his/her license would be suspended.
XVIII.
Evidence to be Suppressed
	Defendant asks the Court to suppress all evidence involved in this case, including but not limited to:
	a.	Testimony regarding any observations made by Officers __________________ and _______________;
	b.	Testimony regarding any of Defendant's answers to questioning by Officers  __________________ and _______________;
	c.	Testimony regarding the search of Defendant or his/her vehicle;
	d.	Testimony regarding Defendant's performance of any field sobriety testing conducted by police officers;
	e.	Testimony regarding any of Defendant's actions during the stop and detention, or  after arrest; and 
	f.	The video tape recording made during the stop, detention, questioning, search and arrest of Defendant.
XIX.
	The audio and video recording of the Defendant was made after an unreasonable amount of time subsequent to his/her arrest.  Accordingly, said recordings would be inadmissible as per arts. 1.27, 38.01, and 38.02, Texas Code Crim. Proc., and Texas Rules of Evidence 401-403.  Specifically, because the recordings were made long after the Defendant was taken into custody, they will not aid the fact finder in assessing more probable or less probable the Defendant's intoxication or alcohol concentration at the time of the arrest.  Moreover, said evidence must be excluded because its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, as the same would confuse the issues and tend to mislead the fact finder.  (See also, the 2-hour rule under § 724.019, Tex. Transp. Code Ann.).
XX.
	Because of the foregoing reasons and others which may be adduced upon a hearing of this matter, the admission of the statements and acts of the Defendant and also of the seized and derivative evidence would violate the Defendant's statutory and constitutional guarantees against self-incrimination, U.S. Const. amends. IV, V, and XIV; Tex. Const. art. 1, §§ 9, 10; Tex. Code Crim. Proc art. 1.05, 1.06, 38.21, 38.22, and 38.23, against unreasonable searches and seizures, U.S. Const. amend. IV; Tex. Const. art. 1, § 9, Tex. Code Crim. Proc. arts. 14 and 15; to effective assistance of counsel, U.S. Const. amend. VI; Tex. Const. art. 1, § 10; to a fair trial, U.S. Const. amend. VI; Tex. Const. art. 1, § 10 and Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 1.27, 38.01, and 38.02; and to his/her statutory rights under §§ 724.011, 724.012, 724.015 and 724.016, Tex. Transp. Code Ann.
	WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, the Defendant prays that this Motion be granted and that the Court:
(1)	Instruct the prosecutor and all the State's witnesses not to refer, testify or in any manner allude to oral or written statements allegedly made by the Defendant until their admissibility has been determined;
(2)	Make required findings of fact and law as required by statute and constitutional authority before the submission of evidence to the jury; and,
(3)	Order such other relief as may be deemed equitable and necessary.

Respectfully submitted,

By:                                                     

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

	I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the above and foregoing instrument has been hand-delivered or mailed, postage prepaid, to the CrimDA/CtyAtty in _________ County, on the _____ day of _________, 200__.

	

EXHIBIT “A”

	

					

STATE OF TEXAS	§
§
COUNTY OF ________________	§

AFFIDAVIT

	BEFORE ME, the undersigned authority, on this day personally appeared _________________, who after being duly sworn stated:
"My name is ___________________.  I am the defendant in the above entitled and numbered cause.  To the best of my knowledge and belief when I was arrested on the above cause of action, the arresting officer did not have a warrant for my arrest and it was a warrantless arrest.”

_______________________________________________________
Affiant

	SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO BEFORE ME on the _____ day of ____________, 200__., to certify which witness my hand and seal of office.

__________________________________________Notary Public, State of Texas

CAUSE NO. 

THE STATE OF TEXAS

V.

DEFENDANT
§	IN THE ____________COURT
§
§	OF
§
§	COUNTY, TEXAS
O R D E R

	On this day came on to be heard the Defendant's Motion to Suppress.  The Court having considered the evidence which the State would offer in its case-in-chief:

GRANTED/DENIED				 1. 					
GRANTED/DENIED				 2. 					
GRANTED/DENIED				 3. 					
GRANTED/DENIED				 4. 					GRANTED/DENIED				 5. 					
GRANTED/DENIED				 6. 					
GRANTED/DENIED				 7. 					
GRANTED/DENIED				 8. 					
GRANTED/DENIED				 9. 					
GRANTED/DENIED				10. 					
GRANTED/DENIED				11. 					
GRANTED/DENIED				12. 					
GRANTED/DENIED				13. 					
GRANTED/DENIED				14. 					
GRANTED/DENIED				15. 					
GRANTED/DENIED				16. 					
GRANTED/DENIED				17. 					
and the Constitutional and statutory rights of the Defendant, finds that those items listed above and marked "GRANTED" are suppressed and the prosecutor, as well as all State witnesses, are Ordered not to allude to any of the same while tendering evidence or testifying in this cause.
	SIGNED                                                            .

							JUDGE PRESIDING